martes, 27 de noviembre de 2018

Bibliography

Bhandari, S. (20 de May de 2018). When Will You Hear Baby's First Words? Recuperado el 19 de November de 2018, de Your Baby's First Words: https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby-talk-your-babys-first-words#1
(2013). En V. Fromkin, R. Rodman, & N. Hyams, AN INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE (pág. 604). New York: Wadsworth.
Murkoff, H. (02 de November de 2018). When do babies start talking? Recuperado el 23 de November de 2018, de FIRST YEAR > DEVELOPMENT & MILESTONES: https://www.whattoexpect.com/first-year/first-words/
Nordquist, R. (03 de April de 2017). Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms - Definition and Examples. Recuperado el 20 de Novemeber de 2018, de Telegraphic Speech: https://www.thoughtco.com/telegraphic-speech-1692458
Pisoni, D., & Casserly, E. (27 de July de 2013). Recuperado el 25 de November de 2018, de Speech perception and production: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740754/
Wikipedia. (20 de April de 2018). Recuperado el 24 de November de 2018, de Phonological development: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_development


Reflection of the group


This project was very interesting for me because I learned about The Language acquisition and all about stages. When we do assignments like that we improve our knowledge and we learn to be more responsible. Also we can know and to interact with our partners. This project helped me in many ways because, now I know more vocabulary and other things that I did not know. But, was a little tricky and stressful to do the whole work because it took us a lot of work and time. At the end I know all this work will help us in the future because we will be teachers and we really need to know all about children and how they learn.





By Glendy Orellana 


Reflections of the group



                                                           Reflection #1 .
                                                  Made by Nidia Caballero 


                     What I learn in this blog? How I can use this knowledge as an English learner? Well I think that this project is a great way to learn a new topic. It is also an excellent way to immerse myself in the technology and use it, in order to acquire new knowledge that can help me in the development of my program of Foreign Language. Moreover with this kind of activity, we improve new skills such as written, reading and listening skills. Besides in my opinion do a blog is a brilliant idea to learn a new topic because we use a lot of time in one topic and, we learn to summarize, synthesize, search the most important in a topic, choose the main idea in the topic. Absolutely this activity helped me to make in practice reading comprehension strategies in order to do the best job.

                                                             Reflection #2. 
                                                 Made by Yoselin Rebeca Martinez


                   In my opinion it was a very interesting job first, because we learned how to use a blog, sharing our knowledge and ideas was very good to use blogs is very interesting since the information is quite accurate. Also our topic was very interesting to know how human beings we started to say our first words; to learn in a more scientific way how and when this happens for me was very interesting.

Learning about babies was very beautiful, their way of seeing the world, their way of communicating and recognizing sounds. This work I learned a lot and it was fun to work as a team with my partners.


Reflection #3.
made by Tania fuentes 


                    Personally this work was very interesting because the creation of a Blog is a way to express our ideas and all knowledge that we have about something, in this case knowledge about topics referent to Language acquisition, by this work we could put in practice important thing about stages language acquisition and differences between them, through the elaboration and post in the blog I can see important information and this way catch the attention because is a creative form to learn about something, with blogs we can imagine and create ideas about how add information in a creative way to people can see that with more level of interest.
                  The importance of a blog is that we can make this resource in a fun and interesting site to visit and find important aspects which we want to learn, another important reason is, in blog we can find our information through videos, pictures, links and others, and this turned our search more interesting. Blogs have an important aspect that is be can visit many others blog and find different topics and described in different ways. 

Questions

QUESTIONS
                                  STAGES IN FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

                                Link of the blog: linguisticstagesinfirstlanguage.blogspot.com
  1. What are the stages in first language acquisition?
  2. What is the earliest stage in first language acquisition?
  3. Are the stages of language acquisition universal? Why?
  4. In what stage the children use clear syntactic and semantic relations?
  5. How many months do babies begin to say their first words?
  6. What are the most common words babies say?
  7. What is Holophrastic?
  8. What is the purpose of holophrastic?
  9. Why holophrastic is considered part of the acquisition of Syntax?
  10. Why is important the production of speech sounds in the acquisition of a first language?

domingo, 25 de noviembre de 2018

Mind map stages in first language acquisition



Most common first words


Similary, a child may use the word doggie to refer to any fourlegged animal or daddy  to refer to any adult male. This illustrates how a child may extend the meaning of a word from a particular referent to encompass a larger class

Yes/No Questions and Wh Questions


Although the two-year-old  do not produce auxiliaries, they are able to form negative sentences and questions. During the telegraphic stage of the following sort:

Yes/No Questions                                                             Wh Questions
I ride train?                                                                        What he eat?
Mommy eggnog?                                                              Where Daddy go?
Have some?                                                                       What dat train doing?

These yes/no questions have a rising intonation pattern typical of yes/no questions in English, the child cannot use the particular syntactic device for forming questions in English- auxialiary movemnt.

Multiword utterances

In their earliest multiword utterances, children are inconsistent in their use of function words (grammatical morphemes) such as "a" and "the", subject pronouns like "I" and "we", auxiliary verbs such as "can" and "is", and in some languages, verbal inflection.
Such utterances are cometimes called (telegraphic speech).
The following are some examples:
Can stand up table.
What that?
No sit there.
Ride truck
Snow mommy that.
Cathy build house.

When the babies begin to produce sounds?

Babbles begin to sounds like words, although they may not have any specific meaning attached to them.
The generally accepted view is that humans are born with a predisposition to discover the units that express linguistic meanings, and that a genetically specified stage in neutral development, the infant begin to produce these units- sounds or gestures - depending on the language input the baby receives.




Overgeneralization

The overgeneralization occurs when children treat irregular verbs and nouns as if they were regular.
Such as bringed, goed, grawed and runned or foots mouses and sheeps.
In fact, children may go through three stages in the acquisition of an irregular form:

Stage 1                                      Stage 2                                         Stage 3
broke                                          breaked                                        broke
brought                                       bringed                                        brought


sábado, 24 de noviembre de 2018

Telegraphic Speech

The omission of certain words and grammatical morphemes resembles what is typically seen in a brief telegram, hence the term telegraphic speech. Telegraphic speech is seen developmentally when a child moves beyond the two-word, relational stage of language development and begins to express longer, three-word sentences using a finite set of grammatical categories, such as nouns, verbs, and adjective. 

You can see these kind of  omission in this video

Theories of Speech Perception


-Motor Theory (Liberman) 
  1. Close link between perception and production of speech.
  •  Use motor information to compensate for lack of invariants in speech signal.
  • Determine which articulatory gesture was made, infer phoneme.

  2. Human speech perception is an innate, species-specific skill


  •Because only humans can produce speech, only humans can perceive it as a sequence of                 phonemes .
 •Speech is special 

-Auditory Theory
  • Derives from general properties of the auditory system .
  • Speech perception is not species-specific.
http://www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/~coulson/Courses/101c/comprehension3.pdfIf you wanna read more here

A central question in this area concerns whether infants respond to phonetic differences in a manner similar to that of adults.


Studies examining cross-language and native-language speech perception suggest that infants are born with universal sensitivity to the phonemes that are present in all languages.  For example, a study of English-speaking adults, Hindi-speaking adults, and six- to eight-month-old infants from English-speaking families demonstrated that infants distinguished two distinct phonemes with similar sounds in both English and Hindi—/ta/ and /da/ in English and the retroflex /D/ and dental /d/ in Hindi—whereas adults distinguished only between different phonemes in their native language. 



Infants are born with the ability to perceive just those sounds that  are phonemic in some ;language; it s possible for them to learn any human language they are exposed to. They have begun to learn of their parents. Before that, they appear to know the sounds of human language in general. 



If you want to know more about this interesting topic you can see more here


Age babies Perceive and Produce Specch Sounds

Infants up to 10–12 months can distinguish not only native sounds but also nonnative contrasts. Older children and adults lose the ability to discriminate some nonnative contrasts.Thus, it seems that exposure to one’s native language causes the perceptual system to be restructured. The restructuring reflects the system of contrasts in the native language.

Infants usually produce their first word around 12 –14 months of age. First words are simple in structure and contain the same sounds that were used in late babbling. The lexical items they produce are probably stored as whole words rather than as individual segments that get put together online when uttering them. This is suggested by the fact that infants at this age may produce the same sounds differently in different words.

If you are very interesting in to know more about this speech sounds, you can see more in this video. Als you can read more here
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_development

Perception and production of sounds


Baby Talk Milestones

  • Baby talk at 3 months. At 3 months, your baby listens to your voice, watches your face as you talk, and turns toward other voices, sounds, and music that can be heard around the home. Many infants prefer a woman's voice over a man's. Many also prefer voices and music they heard while they were still in the womb. By the end of three months, babies begin "cooing" -- a happy, gentle, repetitive, sing-song vocalization.
       More information here

Definition

A simplified manner of speech in which only the most important content words are used to express ideas, while grammatical function words (such as determinersconjunctions, and prepositions), as well as inflectional endings, are often omitted.
Telegraphic speech is a stage of language acquisition--typically in a child's second year.
More information here 

viernes, 23 de noviembre de 2018

What is telegraphic speech?


Telegraphic speech is defined as a form of communication consiting of simple three or more words sentences usually comprising at least one noun and verb that adhere to the grammatical standars of the culture's language. 
  Telegraphic speech entails using the essential point of meaning in a sentence or certain key words, without using what is considered the correct grammatical modifiers that cennect the wors together.


Differences between telegraphic and holophrastic


jueves, 22 de noviembre de 2018

Holophrastic stage

Trying to say differents words after listen them.


The Perception and Production of Speeh Sounds





From birth, newborns gradually acquire specific knowledge about what their native language sounds like by listening to the language around them.

Around 6 months, when infants have had the chance to acquire more language experience, changes start to occur in the way speech sounds are perceived.

At this stage, infants gradually improve the way they perceive the existing differences between speech sounds, and they find out which combinations or sequences of sounds are more frequent. 

How the baby Perceive and Produce Speech Sounds

The human capacity for speech communication is so complex that gaining a full understanding will not be possible until speech perception and production are conceptually reunited in a joint approach to problems shared by both modes.

Infants will respond to visual depth and distance distinctions, to differences between rigid and flexible physical properties of objects and to human faces rather than to other visual stimuli.  








You can see more in this video

Holophrastic

The one word stage occurs when an infant is between 12-14 moths old. At this stage children use words to express a whole sentence like meaning. The most used words are: mom, dad. go, yes/no.
The idea is that the baby can communicate his needs manually even before he is able to articulate spoken words.

The age of the Telegraphic stage


Telegraphic Stage

Several months later children begin to produce longer and more complex grammatical utterances, such as chair broken, what her name, me wanna show Mummy. This stage generally occurs from 24-30 months.

Holophrastic






Babbling begin when the baby imitates her/his parents.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF BABBLING?

  Babbling is communication. Baby may wish to answer his/her parents or significant others. Perhaps the child is trying to copy the patterns heard in adult speech. This mimesis is a preparation for the time when baby will actually utter his/her first word .


miércoles, 21 de noviembre de 2018

Language Acquisition



First Stages


Telegraphic as a stage according to Linguistics and Psycology

Babbling according to the Psycology


Parents and family members may view babbling as an endearing but trivial behavior produced by infants; however, babbling represents a stage of language development during
which the child is laying the foundation for future adult-like language production.
More information here

Stages in First Language Acquisition

Babies talking for the first time


This is an example of babbling stage.

Telegraphic Stage.

The telegraphic stage is the last stage of language before a child can speak fluently and begins roughly around 2.5 years of age and onward indefinitely until a child has fluent language skills.  What follows is a period of two to three years of astonishing progress on a variety of fronts." Children at this stage progress very quickly and develop language at a much faster rate now that they have grasped the very essentials of language.

When do babies start talking?

Babies start talking  that is, attempt to express themselves in words with meaning anywhere between 9 and 14 months. Some perfectly normal babies don't say a recognizable word until their 18 month, whereas some babies begin to communicate in words or word-sounds ("ba-ba" for bye-bye, bottle or ball; "da" or "da-da" for dog, dad or doll) as early as 7 months. 

First Word

Most babies say a few simple words like "mama" and "dadda




martes, 20 de noviembre de 2018

Babbling (babbling stage)

 The babbling stage is a very early stage of language development, usually occurring around ages 3-4 months, in which children spontaneously produce all sorts of nonsensical, unrelated sounds. No real words are formed at this point, but children are just beginning to put sounds together in order to form words, which happens after the babbling stage.

First Language Acquisition

Children acquire the language they hear spoken in their community, not any random language. The child must learn the particular sounds and words of his language.

The first sounds that the baby can produce.

With some sounds like this the baby tries to comunicate.

What is babbling?

Babbling is the earliest stage in language acquisition, in opposition to a earlier view that babbling was prelinguistic and merely neuromuscular in origin. At round six months, the infant began to babble.

lunes, 19 de noviembre de 2018

Hello! we give you the most cordial welcome to our blog, a means to express our thoughts, ideas, we also want to know your opinion.

Our blog is educational and our goal is to share information about the acquisition of a first language.

On this glog we as a group will share information that explain our topic. 
Nidia Sobeyda  Caballero 
Yoselin Rebeca Martinez 
Glendy Orellana 
Tania Fuentes  

WELCOME.